Malaria control in area of hydroelectric construction on the Amazonian ecosystem can succeed?

Abstract

Malaria remains one of the most important public health problems in Brazil. The construction of large dams generates economic and social benefits and improves the quality of life of the population; however, it creates a great environmental impact, which may affect human health. This study aimed to prevent negative environmental impacts and to enhance positive impacts in the area of influence of the hydroelectric power plant in Belo Monte, Pará State, Brazil. This ecological study was conducted in order to evaluate the structure and procedures for malaria control in five municipalities located in the area of direct influence of the hydroelectric construction: Altamira, Anapu, Brasil Novo, Senador José Porfírio, and Vitória do Xingu. Early diagnosis and treatment, and use of mosquito nets impregnated with long-lasting insecticides were the main measures applied in a strategy of integrated care. The incidence of malaria evaluated in these municipalities decreased from 6,275 cases in 2011 to 79 in 2015, and no cases of falciparum malaria have been reported in any of them since April 2014. The measures and the strategy applied were quite effective in controlling malaria. The improvement of public management coupled to the guarantee of financial support was essential to reach the planned objective.