Diversity of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the National Forest of Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará State, Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The genus Culicoides is distributed worldwide and includes nearly 82 species recorded in the Brazilian Amazon. In spite of the sanitary and economic relevance of the genus, few studies have been addressed to its members in this region. This study provides a survey of Culicoides species in a research plot of the Brazilian Biodiversity Research Program in the Amazon region in Caxiuanã National Forest. Collections were carried out with CDC light traps at five terrestrial sampling points from February 9 to February 13 in 2007 on the ground and at the sub-canopy level. After identifying the collected species, the frequency of species in each stratus and the Simpson's diversity index were calculated. A total of 542 specimens were collected, belonging to six species: C. foxi Ortiz, C. fusipalpis Wirth & Blanton, C. glabrior Macfie, C. guerrai Wirth & Blanton, C. hylas Macfie and C. vernoni Wirth & Blanton. The diversity of species was low in both strata {λ = 0.91 on the ground; λ = 0.89 in the sub-canopy). C. fusipalpis was the most abundant species at all sampling points and in both strata, corresponding to 94.8% of the collected specimens. This species can be found in both floodplain ecosystems and modified areas, such as hydroelectric dams, in the Amazon Region, feeding on humans. In spite of its hematophagic activities, the species is not implicated as a vector of tropical diseases.