Seropositivity and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients treated at the Municipal Laboratory of Oriximiná, Pará State, Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

Evaluate the frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the risk factors inherent to infection with this parasite and to compare serological diagnostic techniques in patients treated at the Municipal Laboratory of Oriximiná, Pará State, Brazil.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Serum samples were collected from patients, as well as socioeconomic and environmental data by form application. These samples were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT).

RESULTS:

A total of 521 samples were collected. The frequency of seropositive individuals with T. gondii was 68.7%. In 51%, only IgG antibodies were found, while in 17.7% IgG/IgM antibodies were detected, a profile compatible with acute infection. Almost perfect agreement between ELISA and IFAT tests was found regarding the IgG (Kappa = 0.84). In univariate analysis, the variables significantly associated with positivity for T. gondii were: age group, consumption of greens and vegetables, previous positive result, abortion, and presence of cat in the house. As for the logistic regression, it was identified that a higher age group, the presence of cats as pets, and a lower income range were factors that presented a higher risk of infection by T. gondii.

CONCLUSION:

The high frequency of T. gondii seropositive patients seen at the Municipal Laboratory of Oriximiná was evidenced, as well as a lack of perfect agreement between IFAT and ELISA, demonstrating the need to use more than one laboratory technique for the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies.